MISSIONE DI RILIEVO LASER SCANNER 3D DI DUE SITI UNESCO A KIEV IN UCRAINA

 

Nell’estate 2023 abbiamo svolto una missione in Ucraina per la salvaguardia di due siti Unesco a Kiev, cioè il rilievo laser scanner 3D di 2 chiese site nella National Preserve Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra e la restituzione di un modello navigabile e misurabile, per preservarle in caso di danneggiamento nel conflitto.

La missione
La missione si è tenuta dal 28 giugno al 4 luglio 2023, ed è stato un primo passo per sostenere l’Ucraina nella salvaguardia del proprio patrimonio culturale martoriato dai bombardamenti e una bella opportunità per l’impresa ferrarese di operare in un settore così strategico.

Gli edifici oggetto di attenzione inizialmente sono stati la chiesa dei tutti Santi sopra la Porta Economica del XVII secolo con tre locali (il vestibolo, la parte centrale, altare) di 240 metri quadri; la chiesa del Salvatore in Berestovo dell’XI secolo, con affreschi e pitture murali all’interno della chiesa che risalgono al XII, XVII e XIX secolo.

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: stazione di scansione all'interno del refettorio

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: stazione di scansione all’interno del refettorio

I rilievi 
All’arrivo a Kiev i responsabili del complesso hanno comunicato che un team di esperti Unesco, con una strumentazione analoga, avevano già rilevato la chiesa dei tutti Santi sopra la Porta Economica del XVII secolo. Si è ritenuto opportuno quindi rilevare un altro edificio del complesso: la chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio con l’annesso refettorio per una superficie totale di 816 metri quadri.
I rilievi erano previsti per interno ed esterno dei siti. È stato utilizzato un laser scanner 3D dotato di sistema Gps autonomo che consente di localizzare le varie stazioni in esterno, il software poi permette di collegare una stazione all’altra se si ha l’accortezza di ‘vedere’ dal secondo punto di stazione il primo. Oltre alle stazioni di scansione sono state realizzate anche diverse foto per il sistema di fotogrammetria.
Chiesa di San Salvatore in Berestovo: immagine della nuvola di punti derivante dalla registrazione di tutte le stazioni di scansione e pulita dagli elementi del paesaggio

Chiesa di San Salvatore in Berestovo: immagine della nuvola di punti derivante dalla registrazione di tutte le stazioni di scansione e pulita dagli elementi del paesaggio

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: immagine della nuvola di punti elaborata

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: immagine della nuvola di punti elaborata

L’elaborazione
Terminate due giornate di scansioni, sono state necessarie altre 8 ore di lavoro per raccogliere tutti i dati e verificarli e, in accordo con la dottoressa Yegorova – responsabile del complesso ‘Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra’ – è stata dichiarata conclusa la fase di rilievo.
Il materiale consegnato
Dopo un complesso lavoro di elaborazione, la consegna ai responsabili del complesso è avvenuta in modalità digitale inviando i file ottenuti, in particolare: modelli a nuvola di punti dei due edifici (la Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio con l’annesso refettorio, 4.873.576.573 punti rilevati, 1 ogni 5 mm circa, e la Chiesa di San Salvatore in Berestovo, circa 6.510.300.125 punti).

E ancora. Un software di visualizzazione e navigazione delle nuvole (per interagire con i modelli e “prendere” misure reali sul modello virtuale) e modelli Bim di entrambi gli edifici e 14 tavole Cad in scala 1:100 e 1:50 di ognuno con piante, sezioni orizzontali verso la decorazione di volte e soffitti, sezioni verticali e prospetti.

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: immagine del modello navigabile, esterno

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: immagine del modello navigabile, esterno

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: immagine del modello BIM

Chiesa dei Santi Antonio e Teodosio: immagine del modello BIM

Questi modelli navigabili e misurabili forniscono anche la base per un “diario digitale” della vita degli edifici, che sarà possibile implementare in futuro.

L’esito è fondamentale per la salvaguardia di un patrimonio culturale di inestimabile valore e permetterà di ricostruire “com’era e dov’era” ogni edificio rilevato, nella malaugurata ipotesi di un loro danneggiamento causato da eventi bellici o naturali.

L’azienda Geomar.it ci ha supportato nei rilievi, mentre gli sponsor che hanno messo a disposizione risorse e attrezzature per la missione sono: Cna FerraraAssicoop Modena&Ferrara, Anmig Sezione di Ferrara, Z+F Zoller & Fröhlich GmbH e il Consorzio RiGenera.

Chiesa di San Salvatore in Berestovo: modello in scala ridotta realizzato con stampante 3D

Chiesa di San Salvatore in Berestovo: modello in scala ridotta realizzato con stampante 3D

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