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RIPRODUZIONE IN STAMPA 3D DI UNA VERTEBRA DI GALILEO GALILEI

 

Il 7 Novembre 2022 abbiamo presentato in conferenza stampa a Palazzo del Bo a Padova la riproduzione della vertebra di Galileo Galilei, che abbiamo realizzato con tecnologie di stampa 3D e digital manufacturing, in un progetto in team con il Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali dell’Università degli Studi di Padova.
L’originale della vertebra è custodita all’Università degli Studi di Padova e questa copia potrà essere utilizzata per prestiti, divulgazione e promozione.
 3 fasi di lavorazione:
 – Scansione 3D effettuata dall’Università di Padova.
Per la definizione tridimensionale delle caratteristiche morfologiche e morfometriche della vertebra di Galileo, è stato effettuato, mediante scanner a luce strutturata – in dotazione presso il Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali – un rilievo 3D ad altissima densità di punti e a risoluzione micrometrica. La vertebra, utilizzando un piatto rotante sincronizzato via software con lo scanner, è stata rilevata da diverse prospettive in modo da ottenere un rilievo completo e continuo al di là della complessità morfologica del reperto dovuta alla presenza di sottosquadri, zone d’ombra e particolari traslucidi (come ad esempio il sigillo). In totale sono state effettuate 70 scansioni per un totale di circa 10 milioni di punti. Il modello 3D ottenuto della vertebra di Galileo è stato così veicolo di informazioni morfologiche e morfometriche fondamentali per la riproduzione tangibile della stessa, scheletro e struttura sui quali sviluppare il prototipo.
 – Stampa della copia.
Il modello tridimensionale da scansione laser è stato ottimizzato e le informazioni contenute al suo interno convertite in istruzioni per il percorso macchina di stampa 3D. La tecnologia utilizzata per garantire un elevatissimo dettaglio è stata la stampa 3D a fotopolimero, dove una resina fotopolimerizzante reagisce con il laser e, solidificando, genera così la copia fisica con una precisione di 25 microns. Il pezzo stampato è stato reso ancora più solido attraverso un secondo procedimento di fotopolimerizzazione che unisce calore e lampade UV; una volta indurito, siamo passati alla fase successiva di resa al vero. Per ridurre al minimo l’errore è stata stampata una seconda copia che è stata utilizzata per le prove di colore e di resa al vero.
 – Resa al vero.

Questa fase è stata possibile grazie alla campagna fotografica eseguita durante il rilievo, sia per replicare il colore originale del frammento di osso, sia per ripetere il complicato andamento che compone la legatura della vertebra originale. Sono state usate vernici specifiche miscelando colori diversi, chiari e scuri, per risaltare le discromie proprie dell’originale. I sigilli sono stati lavorati a mano in tutti i particolari e colorati in fase finale; partendo dal dato di scansione si sono stampate le basi, sempre con sistema a fotopolimero, su queste si è lavorato di bisturi e con l’aggiunta di resina guardando le foto ad alta risoluzione dei dettagli e facendo ricorso alla trentennale esperienza del nostro scenografo. In questo modo, aggiungendo pian piano i dettagli, il risultato è una copia perfetta dell’originale. L’etichetta è stata replicata utilizzando carta ruvida da disegno di colore bianco, che è stata “scritta” con un vero pennino da inchiostro ricalcando una base a matita, successivamente è stata invecchiata con una fiamma viva per farla sembrare antica. Infine è stata riprodotta la complicata legatura con filo di cotone, che originariamente era di colore bianco e che è stato tinto con tempera per trovare la corretta cromia dell’originale, infine è stata inserita l’etichetta anticata.

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